Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition that primarily affects areas of the body with a high concentration of oil (sebaceous) glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper chest. It is characterized by redness, scaling, and flaky patches that can sometimes itch or cause discomfort.
Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis:
- Flaky Skin: White or yellowish scales that resemble dandruff.
- Redness: Inflamed or irritated skin, often seen on the face (around the nose, eyebrows, and eyelids), ears, or scalp.
- Itchiness: Mild to moderate itching in affected areas.
- Greasy Appearance: Oily skin with a waxy or greasy texture.
Commonly Affected Areas:
- Scalp: Dandruff or more severe, crusty patches.
- Face: Around the nose, eyebrows, ears, or eyelids.
- Chest and Back: In areas rich in sebaceous glands.
- Infants: Known as “cradle cap” when it occurs on the scalp.
Causes and Risk Factors:
- Malassezia Yeast: Overgrowth of this fungus, which naturally resides on the skin, may trigger the condition.
- Sebum Overproduction: Excess oil production can create an ideal environment for irritation.
- Genetics: Family history can increase susceptibility.
- Environmental Factors: Cold, dry weather can worsen symptoms.
- Stress and Illness: Can exacerbate or trigger flare-ups.
Treatment Options:
- Topical Treatments:
- Antifungal Creams or Shampoos: Containing ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or zinc pyrithione.
- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation (used short-term).
- Salicylic Acid: To remove scales and promote skin renewal.
- Lifestyle Adjustments:
- Use mild, non-irritating skincare products.
- Wash affected areas regularly but avoid overwashing.
- Moisturizers:
- To relieve dryness and scaling.
- Prescription Medications:
- For severe cases, a dermatologist may recommend stronger treatments, including oral antifungals or calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus).
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