Candidiasis – Yeast infection affecting skin, nails, or mucous membranes
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts belonging to the genus Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. It can affect the skin, nails, or mucous membranes and ranges from mild to severe infections depending on the site and underlying health conditions.
Types of Candidiasis:
- Cutaneous Candidiasis: Affects the skin, often in warm, moist areas such as skin folds (e.g., armpits, groin, under the breasts).
- Onychomycosis (Nail Candidiasis): Involves infection of the nails, leading to discoloration, thickening, and brittleness.
- Mucosal Candidiasis:
- Oral Thrush: Affects the mouth and throat, appearing as white patches.
- Vaginal Candidiasis (Yeast Infection): Common in women, causing itching, discharge, and discomfort.
- Esophageal Candidiasis: Affects the esophagus, usually in immunocompromised individuals.
Symptoms:
- Cutaneous Candidiasis:
- Red, itchy rash with satellite lesions (smaller red spots around the main rash).
- Cracked, sore skin in affected areas.
- Nail Candidiasis:
- Yellow or white discoloration of nails.
- Thickened or brittle nails, sometimes with pain or swelling.
- Oral Thrush:
- White patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or throat.
- Painful, burning sensation, and difficulty swallowing.
- Vaginal Candidiasis:
- Itching, redness, and swelling of the vulva.
- Thick, white discharge with a cottage cheese-like texture.
- Burning sensation during urination or intercourse.
- Esophageal Candidiasis:
- Painful swallowing and chest pain.
Risk Factors:
- Weakened Immune System: E.g., HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, or organ transplantation.
- Antibiotic Use: Disrupts the balance of normal flora, allowing Candida overgrowth.
- Diabetes Mellitus: High blood sugar levels promote fungal growth.
- Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy.
- Moisture and Warmth: Prolonged damp conditions, such as sweating or wet clothing.
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