Southlake Dermatology

Acne Vulgaris

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Acne vulgaris, commonly known simply as acne, is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. It often results in the appearance of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, and pustules, primarily on the face, chest, shoulders, and back. Acne is most common during adolescence due to hormonal changes but can persist or develop in adulthood.

Causes of Acne Vulgaris:

  1. Excess Sebum Production: Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much oil.
  2. Clogged Pores: Dead skin cells and sebum clog hair follicles.
  3. Bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria thrive in clogged pores, leading to inflammation.
  4. Hormonal Changes: Increased androgens during puberty or hormonal fluctuations (e.g., menstruation, pregnancy) can trigger acne.
  5. Other Factors: Stress, certain medications, diet, and genetics may contribute to acne.

Types of Acne Lesions:

  • Comedones:
    • Blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones).
  • Inflammatory Lesions:
    • Papules (small red bumps), pustules (pus-filled bumps), nodules (large painful lumps), and cysts (deep, painful, pus-filled lumps).

Treatment Options:

  • Topical Treatments:
    • Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, or antibiotics.
  • Oral Medications:
    • Antibiotics, hormonal treatments (e.g., birth control), or isotretinoin for severe cases.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments:
    • Proper skincare routine, avoiding picking or squeezing acne, and managing stress.
  • Professional Procedures:
    • Chemical peels, laser therapy, or extraction by a dermatologist.

 

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