Southlake Dermatology

Contact Dermatitis

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Contact dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by inflammation resulting from direct contact with an irritant or allergen. It presents as a red, itchy rash that may involve swelling, blistering, or dry, cracked skin, depending on the severity and type of exposure.

Types of Contact Dermatitis:

  1. Irritant Contact Dermatitis:
    • Caused by direct damage to the skin’s protective barrier from irritants like chemicals, detergents, or solvents.
    • Common and non-allergic in nature.
  2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis:
    • A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen that activates the immune system.
    • Examples include nickel, latex, poison ivy, fragrances, or certain cosmetics.

Symptoms:

  • Erythema (Redness): Commonly seen at the site of contact.
  • Pruritus (Itching): Often intense.
  • Vesicles or Bullae: Blisters filled with clear fluid (more common in allergic reactions).
  • Scaling and Crusting: With chronic or repeated exposure.
  • Swelling: Sometimes localized to the affected area.
  • Burning or Stinging: Particularly in irritant contact dermatitis.

Diagnosis:

  • Clinical History: Identifying possible exposures.
  • Patch Testing: Used to identify allergens in suspected allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Skin Examination: To rule out other conditions like atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.

Common Triggers:

  • Irritants: Soaps, cleaning agents, acids, or alkalis.
  • Allergens: Metals (nickel, cobalt), plants (poison ivy, oak), rubber, fragrances, or preservatives.

 

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